Current Issue
Research Articles
Issue Editorial Board
International Economics, Regional Development and Globalisation in International Economics
Panel Data Analysis, Growth, Regional Economy
Political Science
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Akif GÖZİTOK
ERZURUM TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ
0000-0003-0197-3093
0000-0003-0197-3093
Classical Turkish Literature of Ottoman Field, Classical Turkish Literature
Aim & Scope
ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is a scientific and peer-reviewed journal published electronically twice a year, in June and December. The aim of the journal is to publish original scientific studies prepared in the fields of economics and administrative sciences, in accordance with international publication standards and at a high level of quality. By doing so, the journal seeks to contribute to the accumulation, dissemination, and reinterpretation of scientific knowledge in the field of economics and administrative sciences, and to bring such knowledge into the realm of international academic debate. ETÜ Sentez aims to be a valuable source of scientific information for academics, practitioners, and policymakers, and to serve as a significant guide in solving the challenges of the modern economy through the results of applied research. Within this framework, ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences welcomes not only original research articles prepared in accordance with scientific norms and ethical principles, but also articles such as reviews, letters to the editor, and technical notes from various disciplines.
The publication languages of ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences are Turkish and English. The journal operates under the rules of the "Open Journal Systems (OJS)", and all peer-reviewed articles and papers approved for publication are assigned a “DOI” number upon completion of the publication process.
ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences publishes scientific studies in the fields of Economics, Business Administration, Public Administration, International Relations, Finance, Econometrics, and related areas. The journal accepts original research articles, review papers, and letters to the editor, provided they are prepared in accordance with ethical guidelines. Additionally, ETÜ Sentez is open to interdisciplinary and comparative studies and welcomes theoretical models, empirical analyses, case studies, and policy-oriented research. The target audience of the journal includes academics, researchers, PhD and graduate students, policymakers, and industry professionals. The publication languages are Turkish and English. All articles undergo a double-blind peer review process and are evaluated in terms of scientific validity, originality, and methodological rigor.
To ensure the preservation and permanent accessibility of all published content, articles are archived in Dergipark, a national repository platform. Dergipark also allows LOCKSS to collect, preserve, and serve the journal’s content.
Author Guidelines
Authors must upload their manuscripts to the system in accordance with the journal’s article template. Manuscripts that do not comply with the template will be rejected by the editorial board without being sent for peer review.
Since the journal uses a double-blind peer review process, author information should not appear on the manuscript. This information will be added later by the editorial team upon acceptance. 👉 [Click here for the sample Author Information file.]
For manuscripts with multiple authors, the Contribution Statement and Conflict of Interest Statement provided in the link below must be uploaded to the system. 👉 [Click here for the declaration.]
Authors are expected to prepare their manuscripts in accordance with the guidelines below.
For detailed information about the journal’s policies—including editorial and ethical standards—please visit the Ethical Principles and Publication Policy page. Likewise, for detailed information about the journal, please visit the Aims and Scope page.
Formatting of manuscripts must comply with the guidelines of the American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual. Submissions must be made only through the journal's online submission and review system:
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/etusentez. Submissions via other means or by non-authors will not be considered.
The Declaration of Contribution and Conflict Statement signed by all authors should be attached to the manuscripts to be sent to our journal via the Submit Manuscript link. Researchers submitting to the journal must prepare their work in accordance with internationally accepted ethical principles.
The responsibility for ensuring compliance with ethical and legal standards rests entirely with the authors. The editorial board reserves the right to request an ethics committee approval document, where applicable. Manuscripts found to violate publication ethics will not be reviewed. If the manuscript is derived from a thesis or another academic study, this must be indicated in a footnote on the first page of the article, just below the title.
• Author Name and Affiliation:
Since manuscripts are forwarded to reviewers directly from the system without modification, author anonymity must be preserved. No identifying information should appear in the manuscript file or file name. Author information should only be entered in the Cover Page file.
• Article Text:
Manuscripts must not exceed 10,000 words (approx. 20 pages), prepared in MS Word format, using Cambria, 11 pt.
References and appendices (if any) are excluded from the word count. Appendices must appear after the reference section. Submissions that exceed the word limit will be reviewed at the discretion of the editorial board. The Turkish Language Association's current Spelling Guide must be used unless otherwise necessary. Page setup: A4, 1.15 line spacing, 4 cm top and bottom margins, 2.5 cm side margins. Paragraph indent: 1 cm. Paragraph spacing: 0 pt before, 6 pt after.
• Title:
Studies should be titled in Turkish and English. Titles should consist of a maximum of 12 (twelve) words in 16-point font and all letters should be capitalized. All of the titles in the text should be written in bold with the first letter capitalized.
• Abstract and Keywords:
The Turkish and English abstracts of the manuscripts to be submitted for publication in the journal should not exceed 200 words. There should be at least 3 and at most 5 keywords and JEL codes under the abstract. Abstract and Abstract sections should be written in 11 font size and 1.15 line spacing.
• Headings:
Headings must be structured numerically with up to 4 levels:
First Level — Centered, Bold, Title Case; text begins on new line.
1.1 Second Level — Left-aligned, Bold, Title Case; text begins on new line.
1.1.1 Third Level — Left-aligned, Bold Italic, Title Case; text begins on new line.
1.1.1.1 Fourth Level — Bold, Title Case, ends with a colon; text continues on the same line.
• Tables, Figures, and Graphs:
Each must be numbered consecutively and not exceed page margins.
Sources should be cited below each item following in-text citation standards.
Table titles should be above; figure and graph titles below the item.
All figures and tables must be referenced and numbered in order in the main text.
If figures or visuals are adapted from other sources, they must be redesigned by the authors, not directly copied.
• Images and Captions:
Images, graphics and photos should be submitted as separate files in TIFF or JPEG format and attached to the Word document. If an image has sub-units, the sub-units should be combined into a single image and the images should be labeled (a, b, c, etc.). The minimum resolution for each figure should be 300 DPI and figures should be clear and easy to read. Image descriptions should be listed at the end of the main document. Images/pictures should be referenced in the main text and numbered consecutively in the order in which they are mentioned.
• Quotations and Footnotes:
Direct quotes under 5 lines should be shown in quotation marks or italicized. Quotes over 5 lines should be indented from the left, 11 pt, and enclosed in quotation marks. Footnotes should appear on the same page as the reference.
• Citations:
When citing, the most recent and up-to-date publications should be preferred along with the main sources. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references. Both in-text references and the bibliography section should be prepared according to the version of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) 7 published by the American Psychological Association, with the necessary revisions for the journal. In-text references should be cited with the author's last name and date of publication in parentheses.
Types of Articles
Research articles present new knowledge based on original research. Acceptance of research papers is usually based on the originality and significance of the research. The main text of a Research Article should be structured with the subheadings Introduction, Literature, Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusion.
Review Articles
Articles prepared by experts who have a background in the subject of the article and whose knowledge is reflected in the international literature in terms of the number of publications and citations are evaluated. Authors may also be invited by the journal. Reviews should provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on a topic related to the subject of the journal and should include discussions and evaluations of related research. Subheadings of review articles can be planned by the authors. However, each review article should include an “Introduction” and a “Conclusion” section.
Types of Articles
Research articles present new knowledge based on original research. Acceptance of research papers is usually based on the originality and significance of the research. The main text of a Research Article should be structured with the subheadings Introduction, Literature, Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusion.
Review Articles
Articles prepared by experts who have a background in the subject of the article and whose knowledge is reflected in the international literature in terms of the number of publications and citations are evaluated. Authors may also be invited by the journal. Reviews should provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on a topic related to the subject of the journal and should include discussions and evaluations of related research. Subheadings of review articles can be planned by the authors. However, each review article should include an “Introduction” and a “Conclusion” section.
APA Citation System is applied in our journal.
- The table below shows the basic styles of in-text citations according to APA 7 Writing guide:
- The table below shows the basic styles of in-text citations according to APA 7 Writing guide:
| Author type P | Parenthetical citation | Narrative citation |
| One author | (Ay, 2020) | Ay (2020) |
| Two authors | (Salas & D'Agostino, 2020) | Salas & D'Agostino (2020) |
| Three or more authors | (Martin et al, 2020) | Martin et al. (2020) |
Group author with acronym First citationa Subsequent citations Group author without acronym Stanford University (2020) | (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2020) (NIMH, 2020) (Stanford University, 2020) | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2020) National Institutes of Health (2020) Stanford University (2020) |
a Define the abbreviation for the group author only once in the text, choosing either the parenthetical or narrative format. After that, use this abbreviation for all mentions of the group in the text.
- Direct quotations should be given with the page number (North, 1992: 13)
- If more than one source is cited in the text, they should be shown in the same parenthesis and a semicolon should be placed between them: (North, 1992; Ferrer et al., 2016).
- When citing a study published by the same author in the same year, the citations should be separated as a and b: (Kaya, 2020a) and (Kaya, 2020b)
- All references cited within a paragraph in the text should be given in the bibliography.
- The references in the bibliography should be given alphabetically according to the surname of the author.
- If the work given in the bibliography has a DOI number, the DOI number should be indicated in the reference. If the publication does not have a DOI number but has a URL that readers can be directed to (for example, if it comes from an online journal that is not part of a database), the URL of the article can be added at the end of the reference. If neither is available, it is treated as a printed journal article without this information.
- In the titles of the references in the bibliography, only the first letter of the title, the first letters of proper names and the first letters required after punctuation marks are capitalized. Since the names of the journals in which the studies are published are proper nouns, all first letters are capitalized. Source titles should not be written in all capital letters or the first letters of all words should not be capitalized.
- Direct quotations should be given with the page number (North, 1992: 13)
- If more than one source is cited in the text, they should be shown in the same parenthesis and a semicolon should be placed between them: (North, 1992; Ferrer et al., 2016).
- When citing a study published by the same author in the same year, the citations should be separated as a and b: (Kaya, 2020a) and (Kaya, 2020b)
- All references cited within a paragraph in the text should be given in the bibliography.
- The references in the bibliography should be given alphabetically according to the surname of the author.
- If the work given in the bibliography has a DOI number, the DOI number should be indicated in the reference. If the publication does not have a DOI number but has a URL that readers can be directed to (for example, if it comes from an online journal that is not part of a database), the URL of the article can be added at the end of the reference. If neither is available, it is treated as a printed journal article without this information.
- In the titles of the references in the bibliography, only the first letter of the title, the first letters of proper names and the first letters required after punctuation marks are capitalized. Since the names of the journals in which the studies are published are proper nouns, all first letters are capitalized. Source titles should not be written in all capital letters or the first letters of all words should not be capitalized.
Use of punctuation to group information in bibliography list entries.
- A period should be placed after each of the bibliography elements: author, date, title and source. However, a period should not be placed after a DOI or URL as this may interfere with link functionality. Titles ending with a question mark do not need a period; the question mark replaces the period.
- Commas or parentheses should generally be used between parts of the same bibliography item. For example, in a bibliography for a journal article, commas are used between the last name and initials of each author and between the names of different authors, between the journal name and volume number, and between the journal issue number and page numbers.
- Commas are not used between journal volume and issue numbers. Instead, the volume number should be followed immediately by the issue number in parentheses.
- Punctuation that appears in an italicized bibliography item is also italicized (for example, a comma or colon in a book title). Punctuation between bibliography items is not italicized (for example, a period after an italicized book title or a comma after an italicized journal title).
-Studies that do not comply with the rules specified in the preliminary checks will be included in the evaluation process after the necessary corrections are made by the author.
Click here for examples of APA 7 citation system.
Ethical Principles and Publication Policy
Publication Ethics Principles
Publication Ethics refers to a self-regulatory mechanism that insists on integrity on behalf of authors, reviewers, and publishers to establish higher editorial standards. Ethical standards in publishing exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications, maintain public trust in scientific findings, and give due credit to individuals' ideas. Peer-reviewed studies support and implement the scientific method. Therefore, it is crucial for all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publishers, reviewers, and editors) to adhere to ethical principles. ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences adheres to national and international standards concerning research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works, and the Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive.
Duplicate Publication
Duplicate publication involves publishing the same or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor will return such articles without review. Subsequently, the editor may impose a temporary embargo on the author attempting duplicate publication, publicly disclose this situation (possibly in coordination with the editor of the journal where the article was previously published), or implement all these measures concurrently.
Simultaneous Submission to Multiple Journals
Authors must not submit the same article to more than one journal simultaneously. If the editor becomes aware of a possible simultaneous submission, they reserve the right to consult with the editor(s) of the other journal(s). The editor may return the article without review, reject it without considering the reviews, or make this decision in consultation with the relevant editor(s). Additionally, the editor may decide not to accept article submissions from the authors for a certain period, inform the authors' employers, or implement all these measures concurrently.
Plagiarism Prevention Checks
Presenting others' ideas, methods, data, practices, writings, figures, or works as one's own without proper citation, either partially or entirely, constitutes plagiarism. To prevent ethical violations, articles submitted to the journal are scanned using plagiarism detection software (iThenticate). The similarity report is reviewed by the editor to check for proper citation and quotation practices. If unethical situations inconsistent with academic writing are detected in the text, the work is returned to the author(s). For articles derived from theses, the editor compares the similarity rates between the thesis and the article.
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/denial of authorship, research/data fabrication, slicing articles into smaller parts (salami publication), copyright infringement, and concealment of conflicts of interest are considered unethical behaviors. All articles not complying with accepted ethical standards are retracted, including those found to contain irregularities after publication.
Fabrication
Fabrication involves producing data not based on research, organizing or altering a submitted or published work based on non-existent data, reporting or publishing such data, or presenting a non-conducted study as if it were conducted. This includes manipulating research records and obtained data, presenting unused methods, devices, and materials as if they were used, excluding data not aligning with the research hypothesis, adjusting data and/or results to fit relevant theories or assumptions, and distorting or shaping research results in line with the interests of supporting individuals or institutions.
Protection of Participants' Personal Data
ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences requires that all research involving human participants, which includes personal or sensitive data or materials not legally public, undergo official ethical review.
Handling Allegations of Research Misconduct
The editors of ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences will take measures to prevent the publication of articles where plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, or other research misconduct has occurred. Under no circumstances will the journal's editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur.
Reporting Ethical Violations
Readers who notice a significant error or inaccuracy in an article published in the ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, or have any complaints regarding editorial content (e.g., plagiarism, duplicate articles), may report their concerns by sending an email to one of the journal's editors.
Corrections, Retractions, Expressions of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors that do not affect the findings, interpretations, or conclusions are detected. In cases of major errors or violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions, retraction should be considered. If there are indications of potential research or publication misconduct by the authors, or if the findings are unreliable and the authors’ institutions have not investigated the case—or any such investigation seems unfair or inconclusive—editors may consider issuing an expression of concern. COPE and ICMJE guidelines are taken into account when deciding on corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern.
Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
To ensure scientific ethical assurance, the ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences adheres to the principles of COPE’s 'Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors' and 'Code of Conduct for Journals'. In this context, submissions to the journal must comply with the following:
1) For research in all scientific fields requiring ethical committee approval, such approval must be obtained, indicated in the article, and documented.
2) In studies requiring ethical approval, information about the approval (name of the board, date, and approval number) must be included in the methods section, and also on the first or last page of the article. For case reports, it must be stated that an informed consent form was signed.
Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
Editors of the ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents, meaning they will not disclose any information about a manuscript without the author's permission. During the review process, only editors, reviewers, and editorial board members may access the manuscript. The only exception is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct, in which case the details may be disclosed to a third party.
Complaint Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints about content, procedures, or policies that are the responsibility of the ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences or its editorial staff. Complaints are seen as an opportunity for improvement and will be addressed promptly, politely, and constructively. Complaints should be sent directly to the editors’ email addresses and will be treated confidentially. The editor will respond immediately and follow the procedure outlined in COPE’s flowchart.
Appeals Process
The ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences welcomes serious appeals regarding evaluations made by editors and reviewers. If the article is believed to have been rejected due to a misunderstanding of the scientific content, an appeal message may be sent to the editorial team. At this stage, the revised version of the manuscript should not be submitted. If the appeal is accepted after being reviewed by the Editorial Board, the authors will be asked to submit a revised version, which will then be sent for external peer review.
The appeal letter should be written as thoroughly and clearly as possible. Only one appeal per article will be considered. Therefore, it is important that the objection is presented in a clear and understandable manner. Based on experience, prolonged discussions over rejected manuscripts are often unsatisfactory for both authors and editors, and for this reason, multiple appeals for the same manuscript will not be processed.
Conflict of Interest
A conflict of interest arises when professional judgment concerning a primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal rivalry). In order to make the most accurate decision regarding how a manuscript should be handled, competing interests of the authors must be known and disclosed to readers upon publication. Conflicts of interest may include any financial or other types of interests that could compromise objectivity or create an unfair advantage for any individual or organization. All sources of financial support and the roles of sponsors during the research and manuscript preparation must be declared. If there is no funding source, this should also be stated. Examples include consultancies, employment, and grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed as early as possible.
Editorial Conflict of Interest Handling
ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences has a defined process to ensure impartial review of submissions by editors, staff, or editorial board members. Such submissions are primarily directed to other journals. If this is not possible, the individual’s role in the journal is suspended, and the submission is subject to double-blind peer review. Editors should not be involved in decisions concerning manuscripts they or their family members have authored. Such submissions are subject to the journal’s standard procedures. Editors must follow ICMJE guidelines regarding the disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.
PUBLICATION POLICY
ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is an open-access journal.
Copyright Policy
ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences requires a Copyright Agreement and Author Contribution Form for each submission. By signing this form, authors retain the copyrights of their work. Authors hold the copyright of their studies published within the journal.
Publication Fee Policy
ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is funded by Erzurum Technical University. No fees are requested from authors during the review or publication process.
Publication Ethics
Manuscripts submitted for article publication and article processes in the journal must be prepared in accordance with the rules of research and publication ethics. ETU Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences follows the principles, standards and recommendations of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) on publication ethics. By adhering to these standards, ETU Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences aims to ensure that the research it publishes is of high quality and meets the ethical standards of the scientific community.
All research involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by a review board, such as an ethics committee, before it is conducted. The name of the ethics committee that reviewed and approved the research, the ethics committee approval number and date must be included in the Methods section of the manuscript when submitted for publication. The journal also requires authors to submit a copy of the ethics committee approval as part of the manuscript submission process. This is to ensure that the research has been properly reviewed and approved and to enable the journal to verify that the research meets the ethical standards required for publication.
All research involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by a review board, such as an ethics committee, before it is conducted. The name of the ethics committee that reviewed and approved the research, the ethics committee approval number and date must be included in the Methods section of the manuscript when submitted for publication. The journal also requires authors to submit a copy of the ethics committee approval as part of the manuscript submission process. This is to ensure that the research has been properly reviewed and approved and to enable the journal to verify that the research meets the ethical standards required for publication.
Where children under the age of 18 are participating in research, the child's parent or guardian must give informed consent on behalf of the child. This is necessary because children are a vulnerable population and may not fully understand the risks and benefits of participating in research.
If the article reports the findings of a survey or interviews, the authors should verify that participants gave informed consent to participate in the study and allowed their personal information to be recorded. If there are quotes or other attributable statements, these should be anonymized or it should be stated that the person has agreed to have their name included in the article.
It is the authors' responsibility to protect the anonymity of study participants and to ensure that the research is conducted respecting the principles of confidentiality. This is particularly important for photographs that may reveal the identity of the participants, as publication of such photographs without appropriate consent may violate the rights of the participants.
To protect the anonymity of participating patients, authors should obtain signed consent forms from participants or their legal representatives. These authorization documents should state that the participants consent to the publication of the photographs and specify any restrictions or conditions on the use of the photographs. Information about the consent for publication of the photographs should be provided in the manuscript.
If the article reports the findings of a survey or interviews, the authors should verify that participants gave informed consent to participate in the study and allowed their personal information to be recorded. If there are quotes or other attributable statements, these should be anonymized or it should be stated that the person has agreed to have their name included in the article.
It is the authors' responsibility to protect the anonymity of study participants and to ensure that the research is conducted respecting the principles of confidentiality. This is particularly important for photographs that may reveal the identity of the participants, as publication of such photographs without appropriate consent may violate the rights of the participants.
To protect the anonymity of participating patients, authors should obtain signed consent forms from participants or their legal representatives. These authorization documents should state that the participants consent to the publication of the photographs and specify any restrictions or conditions on the use of the photographs. Information about the consent for publication of the photographs should be provided in the manuscript.
Plagiarism and Unethical Behavior
All submissions are scanned with similarity detection software (iThenticate and, where necessary, Academic Plagiarism for confirmation) multiple times during the peer review and/or production processes. When discussing the previous work of others (or your own), we endeavor to ensure that you cite the material correctly in all cases. Authors are strongly advised to avoid plagiarism and unethical behavior, exemplified below.
- Citation manipulation: When an author manipulates the citation count of the journal or other publications in various ways, such as making his or her own citations, over-citing articles from the same journal, or adding honorary citations or stacks of citations.
- Self-plagiarism: The practice of using overlapping passages or sentences from an author's previous publications without proper attribution. This is considered a form of plagiarism, which means using someone else's work (in this case the author's own work) without proper attribution.
- Slicing: The use of the same data from a research study in several different papers. This is considered unethical as it means reporting the same hypotheses, population and methods in more than one paper.
All submissions are scanned with similarity detection software (iThenticate and, where necessary, Academic Plagiarism for confirmation) multiple times during the peer review and/or production processes. When discussing the previous work of others (or your own), we endeavor to ensure that you cite the material correctly in all cases. Authors are strongly advised to avoid plagiarism and unethical behavior, exemplified below.
- Citation manipulation: When an author manipulates the citation count of the journal or other publications in various ways, such as making his or her own citations, over-citing articles from the same journal, or adding honorary citations or stacks of citations.
- Self-plagiarism: The practice of using overlapping passages or sentences from an author's previous publications without proper attribution. This is considered a form of plagiarism, which means using someone else's work (in this case the author's own work) without proper attribution.
- Slicing: The use of the same data from a research study in several different papers. This is considered unethical as it means reporting the same hypotheses, population and methods in more than one paper.
- Data fabrication: Adding data to a study that did not occur during data collection or experiments. This is considered a form of research misconduct as it involves presenting false or misleading information as if it were real data.
- Data manipulation/falsification: Manipulation of research data to give a misleading impression. This can include manipulating images, extracting outliers or ‘unreliable’ results, changing data points and other forms of manipulation. This is also considered a form of research misconduct as it involves presenting false or misleading information as if it were real data.
In cases of alleged or suspected research misconduct, such as plagiarism, citation manipulation or data falsification/production, the Editorial Board will follow the appropriate COPE flowcharts to ensure that allegations or suspicions are dealt with in a fair, transparent and consistent manner.
- Data manipulation/falsification: Manipulation of research data to give a misleading impression. This can include manipulating images, extracting outliers or ‘unreliable’ results, changing data points and other forms of manipulation. This is also considered a form of research misconduct as it involves presenting false or misleading information as if it were real data.
In cases of alleged or suspected research misconduct, such as plagiarism, citation manipulation or data falsification/production, the Editorial Board will follow the appropriate COPE flowcharts to ensure that allegations or suspicions are dealt with in a fair, transparent and consistent manner.
Peer Review Process
Submissions to ETÜ Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences undergo a double-blind peer review process to ensure mutual anonymity between authors and reviewers. Each manuscript is reviewed by at least two external experts in the relevant field.
Initial checks are performed by editorial staff for compliance with journal guidelines. Submissions not meeting technical requirements are returned to authors for correction. Manuscripts are anonymized by removing any personal identifiers from the Word file.
Submissions that meet the journal's technical standards are evaluated by the Editor-in-Chief, who decides whether the manuscript fits the journal's scope and quality standards. Unsuitable submissions are rejected at this stage.
For suitable submissions, the Editor-in-Chief assigns Section Editors to manage the peer review process. Section Editors may decide to reject, continue the peer review process, or request revisions before review. They submit recommendations based on reviewer reports. Revised manuscripts are re-evaluated with the help of Associate Editors. The Editor-in-Chief makes the final publication decision.
Anonymous reviewer reports and editorial decisions are sent to the authors. Reviewer comments are confidential and must not be shared. Suspicions of unauthorized use of author data or ideas by reviewers will be handled according to COPE guidelines.
Reviewers must follow COPE's Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers. Suspected peer review manipulation will be handled using the appropriate COPE flowchart.
Potential reviewers must disclose any conflicts of interest before accepting review invitations. The journal appoints external editors for manuscripts submitted by editorial board members or Section Editors to maintain objectivity.
Revision Process
Authors of manuscripts requiring 'minor revision' or 'major revision' will receive a decision letter from the Editor-in-Chief. The letter will include reviewer and editor recommendations and a deadline for resubmission.
Authors must provide a detailed response to each reviewer comment, indicating how and where changes were made in the manuscript.
Revised manuscripts must be submitted by the specified deadline. If not received on time, the revision option may be canceled. If authors require an extension, they must request it before the original deadline.
Authorship
Individuals listed as authors must meet the authorship criteria recommended by the International Committee of Journal Editors (ICMJE). ICMJE recommends that authors meet the following four criteria:
Significant contribution to the conceptual conception or design of the study or to the acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data for the study. Draft or critically revise the work for substantial intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published. Agreeing to be responsible for all aspects of the work to ensure that questions about the validity and accuracy of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Agreeing to take responsibility for all aspects of the work to ensure that questions about the validity and accuracy of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. In addition to taking responsibility for the parts of the work to which they have contributed, an author should also be able to identify which parts of the work other authors are responsible for. This ensures that the contributions of all authors are correctly and appropriately recognized. Using CRediT (Classification of Contributing Roles), authors can provide information on individual contributions at the time of submission. All authors are expected to agree on their individual contributions in accordance with the information shared by the lead author. The authors' statement of contribution will be published with the final manuscript and should accurately reflect the contributions made to the study. Authors must have confidence in the integrity of their co-authors' contributions. This means that they must trust that their co-authors conducted the research ethically and responsibly and that the data and results presented in the manuscript are accurate and reliable. Individuals who do not meet all four of the authorship criteria should not be included as authors on the manuscript. To recognize their contributions and provide transparency about their contribution to the research, they may be acknowledged on the title page of the article.
Significant contribution to the conceptual conception or design of the study or to the acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data for the study. Draft or critically revise the work for substantial intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published. Agreeing to be responsible for all aspects of the work to ensure that questions about the validity and accuracy of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Agreeing to take responsibility for all aspects of the work to ensure that questions about the validity and accuracy of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. In addition to taking responsibility for the parts of the work to which they have contributed, an author should also be able to identify which parts of the work other authors are responsible for. This ensures that the contributions of all authors are correctly and appropriately recognized. Using CRediT (Classification of Contributing Roles), authors can provide information on individual contributions at the time of submission. All authors are expected to agree on their individual contributions in accordance with the information shared by the lead author. The authors' statement of contribution will be published with the final manuscript and should accurately reflect the contributions made to the study. Authors must have confidence in the integrity of their co-authors' contributions. This means that they must trust that their co-authors conducted the research ethically and responsibly and that the data and results presented in the manuscript are accurate and reliable. Individuals who do not meet all four of the authorship criteria should not be included as authors on the manuscript. To recognize their contributions and provide transparency about their contribution to the research, they may be acknowledged on the title page of the article.
If the editorial board suspects ghost, honorary or gift authorship, the submission will be suspended and the relevant COPE flowchart and COPE Policy on authorship and contribution will be followed.
Author Changes
Requests to change authorship (add, remove, or reorder authors) must be submitted to the editorial office with a justification letter signed by all authors, including the removed author. The Editorial Board will evaluate such requests in line with COPE flowcharts to ensure transparency and consistency.
Conflict of Interest Disclosure
Authors are required to disclose any relationships or interests that could potentially influence or bias their work. This should be done during manuscript submission through the journal’s online system. All individuals involved in the review process are also expected to disclose real or potential competing interests. The Editorial Board will handle such cases in accordance with COPE guidelines.
Role of Artificial Intelligence
The journal follows COPE guidelines on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in manuscript preparation. Authorship includes tasks that only humans can perform. Authors are responsible for ensuring originality and for fulfilling authorship criteria. AI may be used for language editing (and must be disclosed in the manuscript), but AI cannot be listed as an author.
Post-Publication Corrections and Retractions
All requests for post-publication corrections are subject to editorial review. The editorial board will review the request and decide whether the correction is necessary and appropriate. The decision to publish a correction will be based on the nature of the error, its potential impact on the article, and supporting evidence. The editorial board may also consult with authors, reviewers and other experts as necessary to make its decision. If the request for correction is approved, the article will be corrected in the journal's archive. The Editorial Board will review cases in accordance with journal policies and COPE guidelines.
If allegations of violations are made directly by whistleblowers, the Editorial Board will follow the relevant COPE flowchart. When concerns are raised about an article published on a social media site, the journal will follow COPE's flowchart on how to respond to whistleblowers. In some cases, independent experts may be appointed for unresolved allegations.
The editorial board can share information with other editors-in-chief to investigate possible ethical violations and conduct investigations more efficiently and effectively. When communication with the editor-in-chief is necessary, the editorial board will follow the relevant COPE recommendations. Where necessary, the journal may contact institutions about suspected ethical violations by researchers and provide evidence to support these concerns. COPE guidelines will be followed in this process.
If allegations of violations are made directly by whistleblowers, the Editorial Board will follow the relevant COPE flowchart. When concerns are raised about an article published on a social media site, the journal will follow COPE's flowchart on how to respond to whistleblowers. In some cases, independent experts may be appointed for unresolved allegations.
The editorial board can share information with other editors-in-chief to investigate possible ethical violations and conduct investigations more efficiently and effectively. When communication with the editor-in-chief is necessary, the editorial board will follow the relevant COPE recommendations. Where necessary, the journal may contact institutions about suspected ethical violations by researchers and provide evidence to support these concerns. COPE guidelines will be followed in this process.
In case of concerns of ethical violations, the editors will investigate the case according to COPE guidelines. When the investigation confirms the concerns, the editors may issue a retraction notice. The retraction notice will be published in the journal and the record of the article will be updated to reflect the retraction. The article will remain in the journal's archive, but will be clearly marked as withdrawn. The record of the article will also be updated in the relevant indexes to reflect the withdrawal.
Retraction Requests
Retraction requests are reviewed by the editorial board of the journal before the article is published. To request a retraction, authors must send a letter to the journal editor, signed by all authors, stating their request and the reasons for retraction. The editorial board will then review the request and make a decision based on the reasons presented by the authors. If the request is accepted, the article will be withdrawn from the journal and the authors will be notified of the decision. Authors should not submit their work to another journal for consideration until the withdrawal request has been approved. This is done to avoid possible conflicts of interest or duplication of publications.
Appeals and Complaints
The editorial board of the journal is responsible for handling appeals and complaints in line with COPE's guidelines and recommendations. If an author has an objection or complaint, they should contact the editorial office directly. The editorial board will review the situation and make a decision according to COPE guidelines.
In the decision-making process, the editor-in-chief has final authority in all appeals and complaints. In some cases, a neutral representative is appointed for issues that the Editorial Board cannot resolve internally. The Journal follows a fair and transparent process for handling appeals and complaints and aims to protect the integrity of the scientific record.
In the decision-making process, the editor-in-chief has final authority in all appeals and complaints. In some cases, a neutral representative is appointed for issues that the Editorial Board cannot resolve internally. The Journal follows a fair and transparent process for handling appeals and complaints and aims to protect the integrity of the scientific record.
Preprint Policy
ETU Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences does not view preprints as “pre-published works” but rather as an opportunity for authors to make their work accessible and discussable on a non-commercial preprint server prior to submission to the journal. However, authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscript is placed on the preprint server and for providing the DOI number during the submission process. If the article is accepted and published in the journal, authors are responsible for updating the archived preprint and linking to the published version of the article. This helps to ensure that readers have easy access to the most up-to-date and accurate information. ETU Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences does not view preprints as “pre-published works” but rather as an opportunity for authors to make their work accessible and discussable on a non-commercial preprint server prior to submission to the journal. However, authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscript is placed on the preprint server and for providing the DOI number during the submission process. If the article is accepted and published in the journal, authors are responsible for updating the archived preprint and linking to the published version of the article. This helps to ensure that readers have easy access to the most up-to-date and accurate information.
Permissions Policy
The contents of the journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 International License. Under this license, users may share, adapt, reproduce, and distribute the content of the journal for non-commercial purposes, provided that the original author and the journal are properly attributed.
ETU Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences does not view preprints as “pre-published works” but rather as an opportunity for authors to make their work accessible and discussable on a non-commercial preprint server prior to submission to the journal. However, authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscript is placed on the preprint server and for providing the DOI number during the submission process. If the article is accepted and published in the journal, authors are responsible for updating the archived preprint and linking to the published version of the article. This helps to ensure that readers have easy access to the most up-to-date and accurate information. ETU Sentez Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences does not view preprints as “pre-published works” but rather as an opportunity for authors to make their work accessible and discussable on a non-commercial preprint server prior to submission to the journal. However, authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscript is placed on the preprint server and for providing the DOI number during the submission process. If the article is accepted and published in the journal, authors are responsible for updating the archived preprint and linking to the published version of the article. This helps to ensure that readers have easy access to the most up-to-date and accurate information.
Permissions Policy
The contents of the journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 International License. Under this license, users may share, adapt, reproduce, and distribute the content of the journal for non-commercial purposes, provided that the original author and the journal are properly attributed.
Disclaimer
Statements or opinions in articles published in the journal are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors, editorial board and/or publisher. The editors, editorial board and publisher are not responsible for the content of the articles and cannot agree with the views expressed in these articles. It is the authors' responsibility to ensure that their work is accurate and well-researched and that the views expressed in their articles are their own. The editors, editorial board and publisher provide a platform for authors to share their work with the scientific community.
Statements or opinions in articles published in the journal are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors, editorial board and/or publisher. The editors, editorial board and publisher are not responsible for the content of the articles and cannot agree with the views expressed in these articles. It is the authors' responsibility to ensure that their work is accurate and well-researched and that the views expressed in their articles are their own. The editors, editorial board and publisher provide a platform for authors to share their work with the scientific community.
Price Policy
No fee is charged to the author or his/her institution under any name.
The publication of articles in the journal and the execution of article processes are not subject to any fee. No processing fee or any other fee is charged for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication.
The process publishing and archiving of the journal is carried out free of charge through the Dergipark platform offered free of charge by TÜBİTAK.
Erzurum Technical University provides some paid applications needed by the journal.
The team of the journal is academicians and does not charge a fee for article processing
